Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

A study that compared results from a treated group and a control group. The control group may receive no treatment, a placebo, or a different treatment. See also blinded study, control group, double-blinded study.

The internal genital structures of the female include the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus (womb) and vagina. The ovaries or “egg sacs” are a pair of female reproductive organs located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries have two functions: they produce eggs (ova) and female hormones. Each month,…

The eggs and sperm are the reproductive cells. Each mature reproductive cell is haploid in that it has a single set of 23 chromosomes containing half the usual DNA amount. Except for the eggs and sperm, each cell in the human body — there are 100 trillion cells in each of us — contains the entire human genome,…

The production of offspring. Reproduction need not be sexual; for example, yeast can reproduce by budding.

1) Roentgen equivalent physical, a unit of absorbed radiation approximately equivalent to one roentgen. 2) An abbreviation for repetition when referring to an exercise maneuver. 3) An abbreviation for representative of sales for a pharmaceutical or health products company.

A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Also called a kidney stone. Renal stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. The development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume…

Kidney stones. A common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Occurs in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. Development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. The stones form in the urine…

Having to do with the kidney. For example, renal cancer is cancer of the kidneys.

Disappearance of the signs and symptoms of cancer or other disease. A remission can be temporary or permanent.

Something that consistently helps treat or cure a disease.