The main agents are: Halothane, nitrous oxide, enflurane and ether.
- Halothane: Is the most widely used agent, highly lipid soluble, potent. It causes arrhythmia, hangover and the risk of liver damage is high if used repeatedly.
- Nitrous oxide: Oderless and colourless gas. It is rapid in action and also an effective analgesic agent. Its potency is low, hence must be combined with other agents. It is a relatively free of serious unwanted effects.
- Enflurane: Halogenated ether (similar to halothane). Poorly metabolized in the liver, thus less toxic than halothane. It is faster in its action, less liable to accumulate in the body fat compared to halothane. It causes seizure during induction and following recovery from anaesthesia.
- Ether: Has analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. It is highly explosive, causes respiratory tract irritation, postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is not widely used currently.
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