- Quinidine: It blocks sodium channel so that there is an increase in threshold for excitability. It is well absorbed orally
- Adverse effects: It has low therapeutic ratio. Main adverse effects are SA block, cinchonism, severe headache, diplopia and photophobia.
- Lidocaine, which is used commonly as a local anaesthetic blocks both open and inactivated sodium channel and decreases automaticity. It is given parenterally.
- Adverse effects: excessive dose cause massive cardiac arrest, dizziness, drowsiness, seizures, etc.
- Flecainide: It is a procainamide analogue and well absorbed orally. It is used in ventricular ectopic beats in patients with normal left ventricular function.
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