Category: 07. Drugs For Diseases Of Blood, Inflammation And Gout

Introduction Hemostasis is spontaneous arrest of bleeding from a damaged blood vessel. Steps: Vascular injury à vasospasmà platelate adhesionà platelate aggregation à coagulation cascadesà fibrin formation Anticoagulants are the drugs which inhibit fibrin formation. Classification Based on mechanism of action Fast and direct acting e.g: Heparin Slow and indirect acting Oral anticoagulants e.g Warfarin and…

Folic acids are required for essential biochemical reactions that provide precursors for the synthesis of amino acids, purines and DNA.Daily requirement is 50 -100mg. Folic acid deficiency is not uncommon. Sources include yeast, liver, kidney and green vegetables. Phamacokinetics Unaltered folic acid is readily and completely absorbed in the proximal jejunum. 5 -20 mg of…

Vitamin B12 is made up of a porphyrin-like ring with a central cobalt atom attached to a nucleotide. Daily vitamin B12 requirement is 2-5 mg. It is mainly obtained from animal products and serves as a co factor for essential biochemical reaction in humans. Ultimate source of vit B12 is from microbial synthesis. Pharmacokinetics Absorbed…

Whole bowel irrigation. Deferoxamine- A potent iron chealating compound should be given systemically to bind iron and promote excretion through urine

Necrotizing gastroenteritis with vomiting, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, shock, metabolic acidosis, coma.

Acute Iron Toxicity is exclusively seen in young children who ingest a number of iron tablets and rarely seen in adults as a result of suicide or repeated blood transfusions.

Iron dextran Iron sorbitol They may be given by deep IM or occasionally IV. Intravenous administration may result in very severe allergic reactions and thus should be avoided if possible. Side effect: include local pain, tissue staining, headache, light headedness, fever, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, urticaria, back pain, bronchospasm, and rarely anaphylaxis and death.

Should be reserved for patient unable to tolerate or absorb oral iron. Patients with extensive chronic blood loss who can not be maintained with oral iron alone including patients with various post gastrectomy conditions, previous small bowel resection, inflammatory bowel disease involving proximal small bowel and malabsorption syndromes need parenteral iron therapy.

Only ferrous salts should be used because of most efficient absorption. Ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate are the most commonly used oral iron preparations. About 25% of oral iron given as ferrous salt can be absorbed; therefore 200-400mg elemental irons should be given daily to correct iron deficiency most rapidly. Treatment should be continued…

The cause should always be identified and treated whenever possible. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia consists of administration of oral or parenteral iron preparation.