Category: 07. Drugs For Diseases Of Blood, Inflammation And Gout

An alternative to increasing uric acid excretion in the treatment of gout is to reduce its synthesis by inhibiting xanthine oxidase with allopurinol. Allopurinol is absorbed after oral administration. Like uric acid, allopurinol is itself metabolized by xanthine oxidase. The resulting compound, alloxanthine, retains the capacity to inhibit xanthine oxidase and has a long duration…

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric drugs employed to decrease the body pool of urate in patients with tophaceous gout or in those with increasingly frequent gouty attacks. In a patient who excretes large amounts of uric acid, the uricosuric agents should be avoided so as not to precipitate the formation of uric acid calculi. Uricosuric…

Indomethacin and other NSAIDs inhibit urate crystal phagocytosis. Indomethacin may be used as initial treatment of gout or as an alternative drug when colchicine is unsuccessful or causes too much discomfort. Indomethacin is the agent most often used today to treat acute gout. All other NSAIDs except aspirin can be used to treat acute gouty…

Colchicine is absorbed readily after oral administration. Metabolites of the drug are excreted in the intestinal tract and urine. Colchicine dramatically relieves the pain and inflammation of gouty arthritis without altering the metabolism or excretion of urates and without other analgesic effects. Colchicine produces its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of leukocyte migration and phagocytosis. It…

Gout is a familial metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of monosodium urate in joints and cartilage. Formation of uric acid calculi in the kidneys may also occur. Gout is usually associated with high serum levels of uric acid, a poorly soluble substance that is the major end product…

Acetaminophen is the active metabolite of phenacetin responsible for its analgesic effect. It is a weak prostaglandin inhibitor in peripheral tissues and possesses no significant anti- inflammatory effects. Pharmacokinetics: Acetaminophen is administered orally. Absorption is related to the rate of gastric emptying. Acetaminophen is slightly bound to plasma proteins and is partially metabolized by hepatic…

Indomethacin is slightly more toxic but in certain circumstances more effective than aspirin. Indomethacin is well absorbed after oral administration and highly bound to plasma proteins. Metabolism occurs in the liver and unchanged drug and inactive metabolites are excreted in bile and urine. Clinical Uses: treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, acute gouty arthritis and ankylosing…

Rofecoxib is a highly selective and specific COX-2 inhibitor. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis via inhibiting cyclooxygenase- 2. It is about 90% bound to plasma proteins. The main adverse effects are nausea, dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort, heart burn, diarrhea, fluid retention etc. It is mainly useful in osteoarthritis, acute pain like dental pain & primary dysmenorrhoea.

It is a new NSAID and after oral administration it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed. Highly bound to plasma proteins. It is a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.The advantage of nimesulide over other NSAIDs is that it causes minimal gastric irritation.

It is rapidly absorbed in the stomach and upper small intestine and reaches 80% of its peak plasma concentration in 1 hour. Gastrointestinal symptoms are encountered in 20% of patients. Other adverse reactions include dizziness, tinnitus, headache, and rash.