Proteins as phenotype
While DNA is potential, proteins execute function. SDS-PAGE separates proteins by size; Western blot detects specific proteins with antibodies.
Sample preparation
Grind tissue in buffer with protease inhibitors. Clear extracts by centrifugation. Quantify protein concentration before loading equal amounts per lane.
Applications in botany
- Stress-induced enzyme levels (e.g., antioxidant enzymes)
- Storage protein profiles in seeds
- Pathogen effector detection in infected tissue