Autoclave operation
Autoclaves use pressurized steam (121°C, ~15 psi) to kill all life stages including spores. Liquids need slow exhaust to prevent boil-over; dry goods use fast exhaust.
Load arrangement
Do not pack tightly — steam must circulate. Use indicator strips that change color when sterilization conditions are met.
Chemical safety
- Label all bottles with date and contents.
- Store acids and bases separately; know spill protocols.
- Wear gloves when handling bleach, phenol-based disinfectants, or DMSO.
- Never mouth-pipette — use mechanical pipettes.
Biological waste
Contaminated cultures and plant tissue are often autoclaved before disposal. Check institutional policy for regulated plant pathogens.