Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Yawning
Involuntary opening of the mouth with respiration, breathing first inward, then outward. Yawning is often caused by the power of suggestion. Repeated yawning may be a sign of drowsiness. It can also sometimes be a sign of depression.
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Yawn
Involuntary opening of the mouth, accompanied by slowly breathing inward and then outward. Repeated yawning can be a sign of drowsiness, boredom, or depression. The yawn helps to open tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs that can collapse during shallow breathing.
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YAG laser surgery
The use of a YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser to do surgery. One use for a YAG laser in surgery is to punch a hole in the iris to relieve increased pressure within the eye from acute angle-closure glaucoma. In this type of glaucoma, there is a sudden (acute) increase in pressure in the anterior (front) chamber of the eye due…
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Y-linked inheritance
Inheritance of genes on the Y chromosome. Since only males normally have a Y chromosome, Y-linked genes can only be transmitted from father to son. Y-linked inheritance is also called holandric inheritance. A number of genes were are known to be Y-linked including:
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Y chromosome
The sex chromosome that is found, together with an X chromosome, in most normal males. The Y chromosome contains the unique male-determining gene and the male fitness genes that are active only in the testis and are responsible for the formation of sperm. Other genes on the Y chromosome have counterparts on the X chromosome, are active in…
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XXXX syndrome
A chromosome disorder in females caused by the presence of four X chromosomes rather than the usual two. The disorder is characterized by decreased intelligence (IQ 30 to 80; average 55), speech and behavioral problems, tall stature and reduced fertility. Also known as tetra-X syndrome.
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XXX syndrome
A chromosome condition present in 1 in 1000 females, due to the presence of three X chromosomes rather than the usual two. The condition is associated with increased height but no malformations. Intelligence ranges from above normal to mild retardation. The average IQ is 85 to 90. Learning problems may be helped by early special education. Also…
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XX male syndrome
A syndrome characterized by the presence of an XX sex chromosome complement in an individual with male genitalia including both testes but no sperm production (azoospermia). Babies with the XX male syndrome may come to medical attention at birth because of hypospadias (urethral opening not at its normal position at the end of the penis) or because of cryptorchidism (undescended testes). However, most individuals with the…
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XX
The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female.
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XRT
Medical abbreviation for radiotherapy.
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