Category: Learn Botany Flashcards

Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric N₂ into ammonia or related compounds, often by symbiotic bacteria in legume root nodules, making nitrogen available for plant growth.

Ecological succession is the gradual, orderly process of community change in an ecosystem over time toward a more stable climax community.

Decomposers break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil for uptake by plants.

Allelopathy is when a plant releases biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, or reproduction of other organisms.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit, such as legumes and nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria.

Pioneer species are the first colonizers of disturbed or bare habitats, often tolerant of harsh conditions and aiding soil formation.

A biome is a large regional ecosystem characterized by distinctive climate, vegetation, and animal life (e.g. tropical rainforest, desert).

Bryophytes lack true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and do not form true roots, stems, or leaves like vascular plants.

Carl Linnaeus formalized binomial nomenclature; modern systems also rely on phylogenetics and APG classifications.

Species → genus → family → order → class → phylum (division) → kingdom (Plantae).