Category: Ci-Co

1. The menopause in women.2. The corresponding time in the life of men.From the Greek klimakter, meaning literally a rung of a ladder or figuratively a critical point.

An abnormal and persistent fear of closed spaces, of being closed in or being shut in, as in elevators, tunnels, or any other confined space. The fear is excessive (and quite common). The word “claustrophobia” is an amalgam made from the Latin “claudere”, to shut + the Greek “phobis”, fear.

Limping. From the Latin claudicare, which means ‘to limp.’ The Roman emperor Claudius was so named because he limped, probably because of a birth defect.

A method for determining the prognosis (outlook) with melanoma. The method was devised by the pathologist Wallace Clark and measures the depth of penetration of a melanoma into the skin according to anatomic layer. There are five Clark levels of invasion: The Clark levels provide a system to relate the degree of penetration of melanoma into the skin to the…

1. Conjugated linoleic acid.2. Cervical lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes in the neck).3. Congenital lactic acidosis.4. Caseous lymphadenitis (cheeselike lymph nodes, usually due to TB).

Cl is the chemical symbol for chloride, the major anion found in the fluid outside of cells and in blood. An anion is the negatively charged part of certain substances such as table salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) when dissolved in liquid. The balance of chloride ion (Cl–) is closely regulated by the body. Significant increases or…

An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called platinum compounds. Cisplatin is used in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies, including advanced cancer of the ovary, testis, and bladder. Cisplatin is given intravenously. Its full chemical name is cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum.

Liver disease characterized by irreversible scarring. Alcohol and viral hepatitis, including both hepatitis B and hepatitis C, are among the many causes of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis can cause yellowing of the skin (jaundice), itching, and fatigue. Diagnosis is suggested by physical examination and blood tests, and it can be confirmed by liver biopsy. Complications of cirrhosis include mental confusion, coma,…

Curved like a bow. In anatomy, circumflex describes a structure that bends around like a bow. For example, the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. In linguistics, a circumflex is a caret-shaped mark (^) used over a vowel to indicate the pronunciation, length or the omission of a letter formerly pronounced. In French, it is called “un…

Surgery that removes the foreskin (the loose tissue) covering the glans of the penis. Circumcision may be performed for religious, cultural reasons or health reasons. Newborn circumcision diminishes the risk for cancer of the penis and lowers the risk for cancer of the cervix in sexual partners. It also decreases the risk of urinary tract infections and lowers the risk of sexually transmitted diseases,…