Annexins

The annexins are a family of proteins first described in 1990. All of the annexin proteins share the property of binding calcium and phospholipids.

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is due to a deficiency of annexin V. Annexin V normally forms a shield around certain phospholipid molecules that blocks their entry into coagulation (clotting) reactions. In the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the formation of this shield is disrupted by the abnormal antibodies. Without the shield, there is an increased quantity of phospholipid molecules on cell membranes, speeding up coagulation reactions and causing the abnormal blood clotting characteristic of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

One of the annexins, a family of proteins that share the property of binding calcium and phospholipids. The gene for annexin A1 (ANXA1) is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia. ANXA1 protein expression is specific to hairy cell leukemia. Detection of ANXA1 (by immunocytochemical means) reportedly provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia.